Do Reverse Mortgage Loans Require Mortgage Insurance?

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A reverse mortgage could provide much-needed cash to cover costs such as basic living expenses, medical care, and home repairs. Still, numerous fees can make reverse mortgages prohibitively expensive for some homeowners.

One particularly onerous expense is the lender-required mortgage insurance premium (MIP). If you have a home equity conversion mortgage (HECM)—which is backed by the federal government—then you’ll pay an initial MIP at closing plus annual MIPs for the length of the loan.

Key Takeaways

• Reverse mortgages can provide much-needed funds during retirement, but high costs make these loans a poor choice for many homeowners.
• The most common reverse mortgage is the home equity conversion mortgage (HECM), insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and offered by FHA-approved lenders.
• HECM borrowers owe a 2% initial mortgage insurance premium (MIP) at closing plus an annual MIP equal to 0.5% of the outstanding mortgage balance.
• HECM MIPs are expensive, but they provide borrowers with several important protections.
• As reverse mortgages are open-ended, the interest and fees can accrue for a long time before you or your estate repays the loan.

What Is a Reverse Mortgage?

A reverse mortgage lets you convert some of your home equity into cash without selling the home. You don’t make monthly payments to a lender; instead, the lender gives you an advance on part of your home equity as a lump sum, a monthly amount, or a line of credit. Interest and fees accrue over the life of the loan, which becomes due when you sell the home, move out, or die.

To qualify for a reverse mortgage, you must be age 62 or older, have substantial equity in the home, and live in the home as your principal residence. If you get an HECM, which is the most common type of reverse mortgage, you must also attend a counseling session approved by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Once approved, you can use the cash to pay for things such as basic living expenses, healthcare costs, home renovations, or even a new house if you have an HECM for Purchase loan.

Some proprietary reverse mortgages accept borrowers as young as 55.

What Is Mortgage Insurance?

With traditional mortgages (sometimes called forward mortgages), it is the lender—not you—who is protected by mortgage insurance when you default on your mortgage payments, die, or are otherwise unable to meet the mortgage terms.

Private mortgage insurance (PMI) and MIPs are not the same thing. PMI is generally required on a traditional mortgage if your down payment is less than 20% of the home’s purchase price and you finance with a conventional mortgage loan. However, if the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) backs your mortgage, you’ll pay MIPs. These include an up-front MIP equal to 1.75% of the base loan amount, plus annual MIPs for at least 11 years, regardless of the size of your down payment.

MIPs apply to all HECM reverse mortgages. Most proprietary reverse mortgages don’t require up-front or annual MIPs but often have higher interest rates.

Mortgage Insurance for Reverse Mortgages

Mortgage insurance works a bit differently for reverse mortgages. Instead of just protecting the lender, MIPs provide several important assurances to reverse mortgage borrowers.

• A borrower will receive the loan payments as set out by the terms of the loan, even if the lender goes out of business.
• You or your estate can’t owe more than the home’s value when the loan becomes due and the home is sold.
• If you or your heirs want to pay off the loan and keep the home (instead of selling it), you won’t owe more than the home’s appraised value.

Mortgage lending discrimination is illegal. You can’t be discriminated against based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex (including gender identity and sexual orientation), familial status, or disability. If you think you have experienced such discrimination, file a complaint with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) or with HUD.

At closing, you pay an up-front 2% MIP based on the FHA’s maximum lending limit of $1,089,300 or the home’s appraised value, whichever is less. For example, if your home is valued at $250,000, the up-front MIP would be $5,000 ($250,000 × 0.02). You can pay it in cash or use the money from your loan.

After that, your lender charges annual MIPs equal to 0.5% of the loan’s outstanding balance. These premiums generally accrue over time, and you (or your estate) pay the amount once the loan is due.

How much does mortgage insurance cost?

If you have the most common type of reverse mortgage, a home equity conversion mortgage (HECM), your lender will charge you a 2% up-front mortgage insurance premium (MIP) based on your home’s appraised value, up to the $1,089,300 maximum lending limit set by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). After that, an annual MIP kicks in, equal to 0.5% of your loan’s outstanding balance.

Can I avoid mortgage insurance on a reverse mortgage?

You can avoid paying MIPs by getting a proprietary reverse mortgage. However, the loan may cost more in the long run due to higher interest rates. On the other hand, you will owe up-front and annual MIPs if you have an HECM.

However, you get several important protections in exchange for paying those premiums. Specifically, the loan proceeds are guaranteed (even if the lender goes out of business), and you or your estate will not owe more than the value of the home once the loan becomes due and the house is sold.

Do reverse mortgages have closing costs?

Like traditional mortgages, reverse mortgages involve closing costs. For example, if you get an HECM loan, you’ll generally pay the following expenses:

• MIPs—a 2% initial MIP due at closing, plus an annual MIP that’s 0.5% of the outstanding mortgage balance
• Third-party charges—including for the appraisal, title search, title insurance, surveys, inspections, recording fees, mortgage taxes, and credit checks
• Origination fee—the greater of $2,500 or 2% of the first $200,000 of your home’s value plus 1% of anything over $200,000, capped at $6,000
• Servicing fee—up to $30 per month with an annually adjusting or fixed interest rate loan, and up to $35 per month if the interest rate adjusts monthly
• Interest—usually variable interest rates, which can increase over time
  

The Bottom Line

HECMs require you to pay up-front and annual MIPs. However, reverse mortgage insurance benefits the borrower, unlike traditional private mortgage insurance, which protects the lender.

If you decide that a reverse mortgage is right for you, you could save money by shopping around and comparing loan costs. While lenders charge the same MIPs, the other loan costs—including origination fees, closing costs, servicing fees, and interest rates—vary by lender.

1. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “How the HECM Program Works.”
2. Federal Trade Commission. “Reverse Mortgages.”
3. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “What Is a Reverse Mortgage?”
4. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “Can I Use a Reverse Mortgage Loan to Buy a Home?”
5. Finance of America Reverse. "HECM Versus a Proprietary Reverse Mortgage."
6. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “What Is Mortgage Insurance and How Does It Work?”
7. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “Appendix 1.0 — Mortgage Insurance Premiums,” Page 1.
8. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “Housing Discrimination Under the Fair Housing Act.”
9. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “Submit a Complaint.”
10. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “Complaints.”
11. Consumer Financial Protection Board. “How Much Will a Reverse Mortgage Loan Cost?”

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A reverse mortgage initial principal limit is the amount of money a reverse mortgage borrower can receive from the loan.

A term payment plan is an option for receiving reverse mortgage proceeds that gives the homeowner equal monthly payments for a set period of time.

Reverse mortgage counseling is required for home equity conversion mortgages. Learn how reverse mortgage counseling works.

A reverse mortgage financial assessment is a review of the borrower’s credit history, employment history, debts, and income during the reverse mortgage application process.

A tenure payment plan allows homeowners to receive reverse mortgage proceeds in equal monthly payments for as long as they live in the home.

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